• Most urban and suburban birds are thriving in Vermont, reflecting trends throughout New England.

• Any declines appear attributable to the loss of specific habitat elements, notably nest sites.

• Purple Martin and Chimney Swift are SCGN and declined substantially.

• Purple Martin depends exclusively on housing provided by humans. Creating artificial chimneys may help stabilize Chimney Swift populations.

• Bird species associated with human habitations are vulnerable to predation from domestic and feral cats. Keeping pet cats indoors and euthanizing feral cats is needed; euthanasia raises ethical concerns, non-lethal approaches (e.g., trap-neuter-release) are ineffective.