In the western US there are dozens, if not hundreds, of Fairy Bee species, many of which are flower specialists. So far only two species have been found in Vermont - a common Goldenrod specialist and a rare Ground-cherry (Genus Physalis) specialist.
Genus level ID – These tiny bees have a uniquely flat body with sparse, spine-like hairs. As with the related genus Pseudopanurgus, females collect dense balls of wet pollen on their hind tibia. The Eight-spotted Fairy Bee has, well, 8 distinct yellow spots on the abdomen, while the Ground-cherry Fairy Bee is all black (female) or 4 to 6 small spots. The pattern of yellow can be quite variable between individuals of both species.
Ground-cherry Mining Bee (Perdita halictoides)
Closely associated with Physalis and sand. Female mostly or entirely black. Males have a disproportionately large head and substantial yellow. Photo credit Spencer Hardy.
Eight-spotted Miner Bee (Perdita octomaculata)
Associated with goldenrod or other fall composites near sandy soil. Eight pale yellow marks on the terga that range from small dots to wider bands. Photo credit Spencer Hardy.
